They will also examine how your jaw is moving to assess whether there are signs of muscular imbalance or joint dysfunction. An easy sign to spot is shifting of the jaw as you open and close your mouth, or an uneven bite when your mouth is closed completely.
The typical symptoms that patients suffering from TMD are likely to experience are pain or tenderness of the muscles around the jaw, grinding, toothache, clicking or popping sounds when moving the jaw, headaches, pain when chewing, jaw locking, facial muscle spasms, and vision problems. TMD can cause some debilitating symptoms, so fixing the issue quickly can save you a lot of stress and pain.
There are two broad types of TMJ splints that are available from your dentist: Permissive splints and non-permissive splints. Permissive splints are the most common type of splint used for TMD treatment.
They can be fitted to both the upper and lower teeth to limit grinding and clenching, as well as to help the muscles align your jaw joints with the sockets. Permissive splints feature smooth and flat surfaces so the teeth can move freely as the jaw closes.
Non-permissive splints are designed to reposition the jaw by limiting movement. Temporary use of occlusal splints with a vertical height exceeding the physiologic rest position does not cause increase in tonus or hyperactivity of jaw muscles. Studies have shown that elongation of elevator muscles to or near the vertical dimension of least electromyographic activity by means of occlusal splint is effective in producing neuromuscular relaxation.
Cognitive awareness theory: This theory can be applied to any or all of the appliances utilized. The increased cognitive awareness of the patient regarding the positioning and use of the jaw, the change in oral tactile stimuli, and the decrease in oral volume can all influence the patient to learn what position or activities are harmful. For TMJ pain relief, restoring this balance is essential.
Muscle pain can be dramatically relieved and healing can begin immediately. The flexible fluid pads, positioned between the upper and lower occlusal surfaces, eliminate all tooth-to-tooth contact. Proprioceptive guidance is neutralized as the dominant factor in functional mandibular placement. The muscles respond instantly by moving the mandible into its most comfortable, least accommodated position.
Generally within the first few minutes, this occlusal-muscle harmony eliminates occlusally triggered facial jaw pain and muscle spasm. When there is not enough fluid to create the floating action, symptoms may start to return. TMD should be treated like any other musculoskeletal complaint. Conservative therapy is best as a first-line approach for treating the patient.
Soft oral splints can be used as effective means of treatment for such patients. This can be easily made and gives good comfort to the patient. It is a muscle relaxing, floating action temporary splint which does not cause permanent or irreversible changes in the structure or position of the jaw or teeth.
It has better patient compliance, fewer side-effects, and is more cost-effective than surgical treatment. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Dent Res J Isfahan. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Address for correspondence: Dr. E-mail: moc. Received Jul; Accepted Feb. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Temporomandibular joint TMJ diseases and disorders refer to a complex and poorly understood set of conditions, manifested by pain in the area of the jaw and associated muscles and limitations in the ability to make the normal movements of speech, facial expression, eating, chewing, and swallowing.
Keywords: Muscles, occlusal splints, temporomandibular joint disorders, temporomandibular joints. Traditional anterior bite plane In general, they are designed as a palatal-coverage horseshoe shape with an occlusal platform covering six or eight maxillary anterior teeth e. Mini anterior appliances The concept of making an oral appliance that engaged only a small number of maxillary anterior teeth usually two-four incisors was first introduced in the mid 's as the lucia jig. Anterior repositioning appliance The anterior repositioning appliance also known as an orthopedic repositioning appliance purposefully alters the maxillomandibular relationship so that the mandible assumes a more anterior position.
Neuromuscular appliances Advocates of so-called neuromuscular dentistry have claimed that the use of jaw muscle stimulators and jaw-tracking machines enables them to produce an oral appliance at the ideal vertical and horizontal position of the mandible relative to the cranium. Posterior bite plane appliances Posterior bite plane appliances also known as mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliances are customarily made to be worn on the mandibular arch.
Pivot appliances The pivoting appliance is constructed with hard acrylic resin that covers either the maxillary or mandibular arch and incorporates a single posterior occlusal contact in each quadrant. Hydrostatic appliance This unique appliance was designed by Lerman[ 16 ] over 30 years ago. Open in a separate window. Figure 1.
Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. Curr Pain Headache Rep. Al-Riyami S. PhD Thesis. Temporomandibular joint disorders in patients with skeletal discrepancies. Epidemiology of signs and symptoms in temporomandibular disorders: Clinical signs in cases and controls.
J Am Dent Assoc. Koh H, Robinson PG. Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders. J Oral Rehabil. Management and treatment of temporomandibular disorders: A clinical perspective.
J Man Manip Ther. Occlusion, Orthodontic treatment, and temporomandibular disorders: A review. J Orofac Pain. Okeson JP. Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and management. Chicago, Ill: Quintessence Pub; Yadav S, Karani JT.
The essentials of occlusal splint therapy. A TMJ splint is a specific type of mouth splint designed to minimize pressure on your jaw joints and teeth. It looks similar to a sports mouthguard or like a thick orthodontic retainer, depending on the type you have made. Some are relatively small, only covering a few of your front teeth rather than an entire arch. There are a variety of different types of TMJ splints available on the market. Nightguards are the most common.
Occlusal guards are similar to nightguards but worn during the daytime hours. They are often transparent or made of clear acrylic, covering the biting surfaces of all or most of your upper teeth, preventing full tooth-on-tooth engagement. Minimalist splint designs such as NTI only cover a few of the front teeth, rather than your entire mouth. The smaller design is preferable to some people but can make it difficult to sleep with or keep up with throughout the day.
As such, they provide the best protection and comfort during TMD treatment unlike bulky over the counter types of mouthguards. The great news is that non-surgical therapies such as bite splints are among the first suggestions for managing TMJ disorder. Other recommendations include a softer diet, warm compresses, and over-the-counter medication.
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