Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Autism spectrum disorder ASD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed April 4, Uno Y, et al. Early exposure to the combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Taylor LE, et al. Vaccines are not associated with autism: An evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.
Weissman L, et al. Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: Overview of management. Autism spectrum disorder. Arlington, Va. Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: Complementary and alternative therapies.
Augustyn M. Autism spectrum disorder: Terminology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Bridgemohan C. Autism spectrum disorder: Surveillance and screening in primary care.
Levy SE, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for children with autism spectrum disorder. Brondino N, et al. Complementary and alternative therapies for autism spectrum disorder. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Volkmar F, et al. Please enter your location to help us display the correct information for your area. The information below is not meant to diagnose or treat. It should not take the place of consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. Research suggests that autism develops from a combination of genetic and nongenetic, or environmental, influences. These influences appear to increase the risk that a child will develop autism.
Similarly, not everyone exposed to an environmental risk factor for autism will develop the disorder. In fact, most will not.
Research tells us that autism tends to run in families. Changes in certain genes increase the risk that a child will develop autism.
If a parent carries one or more of these gene changes, they may get passed to a child even if the parent does not have autism. In some cases, parents and other relatives of a child with ASD show mild impairments in social communication skills or engage in repetitive behaviors. Evidence also suggests that emotional disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia occur more frequently than average in the families of people with ASD. The mutation then occurs in each cell as the fertilized egg divides.
These mutations may affect single genes or they may be changes called copy number variations, in which stretches of DNA containing multiple genes are deleted or duplicated. Recent studies have shown that people with ASD tend to have more copy number de novo gene mutations than those without the disorder, suggesting that for some the risk of developing ASD is not the result of mutations in individual genes but rather spontaneous coding mutations across many genes.
De novo mutations may explain genetic disorders in which an affected child has the mutation in each cell but the parents do not and there is no family pattern to the disorder.
Autism risk also increases in children born to older parents. There is still much research to be done to determine the potential role of environmental factors on spontaneous mutations and how that influences ASD risk.
For many children, symptoms improve with age and behavioral treatment. During adolescence, some children with ASD may become depressed or experience behavioral problems, and their treatment may need some modification as they transition to adulthood. People with ASD usually continue to need services and supports as they get older, but depending on severity of the disorder, people with ASD may be able to work successfully and live independently or within a supportive environment.
There is no cure for ASD. Therapies and behavioral interventions are designed to remedy specific symptoms and can substantially improve those symptoms.
The ideal treatment plan coordinates therapies and interventions that meet the specific needs of the individual. Most health care professionals agree that the earlier the intervention, the better. In these interventions therapists use highly structured and intensive skill-oriented training sessions to help children develop social and language skills, such as applied behavioral analysis, which encourages positive behaviors and discourages negative ones.
In addition, family counseling for the parents and siblings of children with ASD often helps families cope with the particular challenges of living with a child with ASD. Antipsychotic medications are used to treat severe behavioral problems. Seizures can be treated with one or more anticonvulsant drugs. Medication used to treat people with attention deficit disorder can be used effectively to help decrease impulsivity and hyperactivity in people with ASD.
Parents, caregivers, and people with autism should use caution before adopting any unproven treatments. The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NINDS is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease.
Department of Health and Human Services agencies, the Department of Education, and other governmental organizations, as well as public members, including individuals with ASD and representatives of patient advocacy organizations. Such biomarkers could aid in understanding how and why ASD occurs in some children but not others, and help to identify patients who might benefit from early intervention. Other ACE centers and networks are investigating early brain development and functioning; genetic and non-genetic risk factors, including neurological, physical, behavioral, and environmental factors present in the prenatal period and early infancy; and potential therapies.
NINDS funds additional research aimed at better understanding the factors that lead to ASD, including other studies on genetic disorders associated with ASD, such as TSC, Fragile X Syndrome, Phelan-McDermid syndrome which features such autism-like symptoms as intellectual disability, developmental delays, and problems with developing functional language , and Rett syndrome a disorder that almost exclusively affects girls and is characterized by slowing development, intellectual disability, and loss of functional use of the hands.
Many of these studies use animal models to determine how specific known mutations affect cellular and developmental processes in the brain, yielding insights relevant to understanding ASD due to other causes and discovering new targets for treatments. The earlier a child begins…. Autism treatment often involves a combination of different therapies. For some, medication may also play a role. As many as 30 percent of autistic children have nonspeaking autism nonverbal autism or are minimally verbal.
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Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Medically reviewed by Marc S. What is autism? What are the symptoms of autism? What are the different types of autism? What causes autism? What tests are used to diagnose autism? How is autism treated? Can diet have an impact on autism? How does autism affect kids? How does autism affect girls? How does autism affect adults? Why is autism awareness important? What is the difference between autism and ADHD?
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